Investigation of the current situation of nipple-sparing mastectomy: a large multicenter study in China (CSBrs-003) / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Mastectomy techniques have been extended to nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM). This study aimed to assess the actual application of NSM in China and identify the factors influencing postoperative complications.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 615 patients (641 surgeries) undergoing NSM from January 1st, 2018 to December 31st, 2018 at 28 centers nationwide were retrospectively analyzed to obtain the rate of NSM and investigate factors related to NSM surgery.@*RESULTS@#The proportion of NSM surgery performed in this study was 2.67% (17/641). Malignant breast tumors accounted for the majority of NSM surgery (559/641, 87.2%). A total of 475 (77.3%) patients underwent NSM combined with reconstructive surgery. The rate of reconstruction decreased with age in our study, and implants were the most common option (344/641, 53.7%) in reconstruction. Radial incision was the most selected method regardless of reconstruction. However, for those who underwent reconstruction surgery, 18.4% (85/462) of cases also chose curvilinear incision, while in the simple NSM surgery group, more patients chose circumareolar incision (26/136, 19.1%). The tumor-to-nipple distance (TND) influenced postoperative complications (P = 0.004). There were no relationships between postoperative complications and tumor size, tumor location, histologic grade, molecular subtype, nipple discharge, and axillary lymph nodes.@*CONCLUSIONS@#NSM surgery is feasible and only TND influenced postoperative complications of NSM surgery. But the proportion of NSM surgery performed is still low in nationwide centers of China. The selection criteria for appropriate surgical methods are important for NSM in clinical practice. To optimize clinical applications of NSM, further multicenter prospective randomized controlled studies are needed.@*TRIAL REGISTRATION@#ChiCTR.org.cn, ChiCTR1900027423; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=38739.

Label-free quantitative proteomic study of RUNX3 regulating Herceptin resistance in gastric cancer cells / 药学学报

Resistance of tumor cells is a complex biological process involving multiple mechanisms and factors, in which anti-apoptosis is the most important cause of drug resistance. Previous studies have shown that the DNA binding activity of Runt related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) increased prominently in Herceptin resistant gastric cancer cells (NCI N87R) while the relevance of which to drug resistance has not yet been confirmed. In this study, we employed CRISPR/Cas9 to establish RUNX3 knock-out cell line (△RUNX3/NCI N87R) to investigate the functions of RUNX3 in Herceptin resistance of NCI N87R cells and its potential mechanisms. We investigated proteomics profiling of △RUNX3/NCI N87R cells based on label free quantitative proteomics. Differentially expressed proteins were screened out according to fold change and significance level between △RUNX3/NCI N87R and NCI N87R cells. Pathway enrichment analysis was done using GeneAnalytics database, and gene ontology analysis was conducted by DAVID Bioinformatics Resources database. Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed based on STRING database. The results showed that △RUNX3/NCI N87R cells increased the sensitivity to Herceptin. Proteomic data demonstrated that the expression of 577 genes changed significantly in △RUNX3/NCI N87R cells, among which 191 genes were up-regulated while 386 ones down-regulated comparing with NCI N87R cells. Pathway analysis showed that autophagy, cell cycle, apoptosis, mitochondrial fatty acid β oxidation, neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 (NOTCH1), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Hedgehog and DNA damage response pathways exhibited notable changes based on pathway enrichment ratio and significance level (P < 0.05). These results indicated that RUNX3 knock-out altered multiple signaling pathways of NCI N87R cells. Western blotting manifested that the expression of autophagy regulatory molecules autophagy-related protein (ATG) 13, 7 and BECN1 increased remarkably while cell cycle molecules serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk2 (CHEK2) and apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (BCL2) decreased prominently in △RUNX3/NCI N87R cells. The p-AKT expression decreased significantly in △RUNX3/NCI N87R cells compared with NCI N87R cells (P < 0.01) and was suppressed by Herceptin. These results indicated that RUNX3 knock-out altered cell cycle, increased inhibition to p-AKT by Herceptin, promoted autophagy and induced cell apoptosis of NCI N87R cells. These results suggested that RUNX3 may be a potential therapeutic target for reversing or reducing Herceptin resistance in gastric cancer cells.

Investigation of Toxoplasma gondii infection among special populations in Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To understand the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among special populations in Nanjing City, so as to provide the reference for formulating the interventions for the prevention and control of T. gondii infections in this population. Methods The HIV/AIDS patients, tumor patients, pregnant women, and people with livestock and poultry breeding or processing works were selected as the study subjects from September to November 2015. The venous blood samples were collected from each participant for detecting IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii by ELISA. Results The overall prevalence of T. gondii infection was 10.2% in the study subjects in Nanjing City. The T. gondii infection rates were 12.2%, 11.3%, 4.0%, and 13.0% among the HIV/AIDS patients, tumor patients, pregnant women, and people with livestock and poultry breeding or processing works, respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference among the four groups (χ2 = 5.668, P = 0.130). The prevalence of T. gondii infection was higher in men than in women (15.3% vs. 5.8%; χ2 = 10.213, P = 0.001), and there were significant differences in the prevalence of T. gondii infection in terms of gender (χ2 = 9.501, P = 0.023), education levels (χ2 = 9.850, P = 0.043) or occupations (χ2 = 8.983, P = 0.062). Conclusions The infection rate of T. gondii among the special population in Nanjing City is high. Therefore, the health education intervention should be strengthened in the follow-up work for the special population.

Investigation of Toxoplasma gondii infection among special populations in Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To understand the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among special populations in Nanjing City, so as to provide the reference for formulating the interventions for the prevention and control of T. gondii infections in this population. Methods The HIV/AIDS patients, tumor patients, pregnant women, and people with livestock and poultry breeding or processing works were selected as the study subjects from September to November 2015. The venous blood samples were collected from each participant for detecting IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii by ELISA. Results The overall prevalence of T. gondii infection was 10.2% in the study subjects in Nanjing City. The T. gondii infection rates were 12.2%, 11.3%, 4.0%, and 13.0% among the HIV/AIDS patients, tumor patients, pregnant women, and people with livestock and poultry breeding or processing works, respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference among the four groups (χ2 = 5.668, P = 0.130). The prevalence of T. gondii infection was higher in men than in women (15.3% vs. 5.8%; χ2 = 10.213, P = 0.001), and there were significant differences in the prevalence of T. gondii infection in terms of gender (χ2 = 9.501, P = 0.023), education levels (χ2 = 9.850, P = 0.043) or occupations (χ2 = 8.983, P = 0.062). Conclusions The infection rate of T. gondii among the special population in Nanjing City is high. Therefore, the health education intervention should be strengthened in the follow-up work for the special population.

Effects of hepatitis B virus DNA mutation at 1762/1764 in the basic core promoter on metastasis or recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepalobectomy / 中国现代普通外科进展

Objective:To study the effects of hepatitis B virus DNA mutation at 1762/1764 in the basic core promoter (BCP) on metastasis or recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepalobectomy.Methods:Two-hundred and eleven patients with HCC were included in this study after hepalobectomy.Initial demographic data,clinical history,physical examination,biochemical tests,imaging examination and serum HBV DNA level was recorded.The DNA sequences of the S region and BCP region of HBV was determined by direct sequencing following nested-PCR amplification.Prognostic factors were assessed using a univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis and a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model.Results:Of the 187 HCC cases,119 experienced tumor metastasis or recurrence.The univariate analysis showed that a higher metastasis or recurrence rate was associated with larger tumor size,no intact capsule,positive portal vein tumor thrombosis,higher level of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase,higher level of HBV DNA and positive BCP mutation.The median metastasis or recurrence time for patients with positive BCP mutation was 9 months (95％ CI:7.922-10.078).Cox analysis indicated that larger tumor size,no intact capsule and positive BCP 1762/1764 double mutations were indepent risk factors for HCC recurrence or metastasis [OR (95％ CI),P:25.946 (2.819-57.149),0.007;8.741 (1.896-21.218),0.033 and 27.966 (8.167-58.132),0.003,repsectively].Conculsion:Infection with HBV carrying the positive BCP 1762/1764 double mutation,initial larger tumor volume as well as no intact capsule around the tumor independently predict the development of HCC metastasis or recurrence and ealier time for metastasis or recurrence after hepalobectomy.

Effects of hepatitis B virus DNA mutation at 1762/1764 in the basic core promoter on metastasis or recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepalobectomy / 中国现代普通外科进展

Objective:To study the effects of hepatitis B virus DNA mutation at 1762/1764 in the basic core promoter (BCP) on metastasis or recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepalobectomy.Methods:Two-hundred and eleven patients with HCC were included in this study after hepalobectomy.Initial demographic data,clinical history,physical examination,biochemical tests,imaging examination and serum HBV DNA level was recorded.The DNA sequences of the S region and BCP region of HBV was determined by direct sequencing following nested-PCR amplification.Prognostic factors were assessed using a univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis and a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model.Results:Of the 187 HCC cases,119 experienced tumor metastasis or recurrence.The univariate analysis showed that a higher metastasis or recurrence rate was associated with larger tumor size,no intact capsule,positive portal vein tumor thrombosis,higher level of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase,higher level of HBV DNA and positive BCP mutation.The median metastasis or recurrence time for patients with positive BCP mutation was 9 months (95％ CI:7.922-10.078).Cox analysis indicated that larger tumor size,no intact capsule and positive BCP 1762/1764 double mutations were indepent risk factors for HCC recurrence or metastasis [OR (95％ CI),P:25.946 (2.819-57.149),0.007;8.741 (1.896-21.218),0.033 and 27.966 (8.167-58.132),0.003,repsectively].Conculsion:Infection with HBV carrying the positive BCP 1762/1764 double mutation,initial larger tumor volume as well as no intact capsule around the tumor independently predict the development of HCC metastasis or recurrence and ealier time for metastasis or recurrence after hepalobectomy.

Analysis for the Onset Features and Prognosis in"Migratory Birds"Population With Acute Myocardial Infarction in Hainan Province / 中国循环杂志

Objective: To explore the onset features and prognosis in "migratory birds" population with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Hainan province. Methods: A total of 1246 patients diagnosed as coronary aretery disease and admitted in our Hospital during 2012-2015 were consecutively enrolled, including "Migratory birds" group (n=197) and Hainan group (n=58). Clinical information, risk factors, interventional strategies and in-hospital outcomes were recorded and compared. Results: The patients' age, histories of hypertension, diabetes, smoking and blood lipids were similar between 2 groups. In "Migratory birds" group, the average time from arriving Hainan to AMI onset was (3.15±2.67) days. Compared with Hainan group, "Migratory birds" group had the higher ratio of acute STEMI occurrence [70.56% (139/197) vs 51.72% (30/58), P=0.003], more patients with single+double coronary artery diseases (P=0.009), and thrombus aspiration (P=0.008); while less stent implantation, P=0.007. "Migratory birds" group also presented the higher ratios of cardiac shock after AMI (12.69%vs 3.45%, P=0.044), and cardiac shock+death (16.24% vs 3.45%, P=0.022). Conclusion: "Migratory birds" AMI patients had the higher ratios of acute STEMI, with more simple lesions and thrombus aspiration, they usually had poor prognosis.

Dissolution Characteristics of Trepibutone Tablets / 医药导报

Objective To compare the dissolution behavior between domestic trepibutone tablets and original reference product, and provide a basis for evaluating the quality consistency of generic drugs. Methods Four dissolution media recommended by Japanese Orange Book and a domestic standard dissolution media were selected to determined the dissolution profile,and f2 factor was calculated to investigate the consistency of stripping curves. Results In water,pH 4.0 and pH 1.2,the f2 of domestic formulation and reference formulation was under 50,and the dissolution profile was inconsistent.Dissolution behavior of domestic preparations of different manufacturers was dissimilar.In water,the f2 of domestic preparations of different batches of the same manufacturer was over 99.9,and the dissolution behavior was similar. Conclusion The dissolution method of existing domestic standard can not distinguish the dissolution behavior of different products,and it should be revised and completed.There is still great difference in quality between the domestic preparations and reference preparations.

Design, synthesis and anti-proliferative activity of novel coumarin derivatives linking Schiff base and aryl nitrogen mustard / 药学学报

To explore novel coumarin derivatives with more potent anti-proliferative activity, a series of novel compounds were designed and synthesized by linking Schiff base and N, N-bis (2-chloroethyl) amine pharmacophore of nitrogen mustards to the coumarin's framework. Their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, MS and element analysis techniques. In vitro anti-proliferative activities were evaluated against HepG2, DU145 and MCF7 cell lines by the standard MTT assay. The results showed that some of the target compounds exhibited strong anti-proliferative activities against selected tumor cells, and compounds 7c, 7f, 7g, 7h and 7q were better than or equal to the activities of positive control, they deserved further development.

Device related complications of the Coflex interspinous process implant for the lumbar spine / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Coflex, a type of interspinous process implant, can provide intervertebral dynamic stability for surgical segments and effectively relieve lumbocrural pain. However, few studies have described therapeutic strategies and the avoidance of Coflex implant complications.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Coflex implant complications in this study included intraoperative or postoperative spinous process fracture, aggravated postoperative lumbocrural pain, dislodgment and malposition. The complications were analyzed, and therapeutic strategies were applied according to the specific complication. The Visual Analogue Scale and Oswestry Disability Index scores were evaluated by using the paired-samples test from SPSS 12.0.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Conservative treatment was provided to seven patients who experienced aggravated lumbocrural pain even though their devices remained in the correct position, and pedicle screw treatment was used as an alternative in four cases. The Visual Analogue Scale and Oswestry Disability Index scores showed evident improvement in these patients. The Visual Analogue Scale and Oswestry Disability Index scores of two patients who underwent revision were also improved.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Coflex implants should be avoided in patients with osteoporosis, a narrow interspinous space and intervertebral coronal spondylolysis, or sagittal instability. Furthermore the device choice, depth of implantation, and clamping intensity should be appropriate. Conservative treatment can be provided to patients with symptoms if the device remains in the correct position; however, revisions and salvages should be undertaken with internal fixation of pedicle screws for patients with device malposition, intraoperative implantation failure, or device intolerance.</p>

Efficacy of flowable composite resin as stress-absorbing liners in Class I cavity restorations / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy of flowable composite resin(FCR) as stress-absorbing liners in Class I cavity restorations in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty Class I cavities of 4 mm in diameter and 2 mm in depth were prepared in polycarbonate (PC) plates and divided into three groups, ten each. After application of an adhesive, cavities in each group were restored using one of the following methods: A: restored with Charisma without any lining of FCR; B: lined with Revolution Formula 2 twice before restoration with Charisma; C: lined with Teric Flow twice before restoration with Charisma. All cavities were observed under a photoelastic microscope and photoelastic images were recorded at 3 min and 24 h after curing and the shrinkage stresses on the cavity wall were calculated. The polymerization shrinkage(v%) of the three composite resins was measured using bonded discs method and their elastic moduli were measured according to ISO standard.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The shrinkage stresses at 3 min and 24 h of the three methods were as follows,A: (4.93 ± 0.28), (5.87 ± 0.40) MPa, B: (4.90 ± 0.30), (5.84 ± 0.33) MPa, and C: (4.76 ± 0.28),(5.83 ± 0.37) MPa.No significant difference was found in results among different groups. The polymerization shrinkage(v%) in group A,B, and C were (2.63 ± 0.04)%, (4.56 ± 0.06)%, and (3.98 ± 0.02)%. The elastic modulus in group A, B, and C were (9.59 ± 0.65), (4.25 ± 0.51), and (5.41 ± 0.79) GPa.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Under present study condition, using a FCR as stress-absorbing liner under composite resin restoration does not significantly decrease the polymerization shrinkage stresses at the cavity wall.</p>

Hypermethylation of testis derived transcript gene promoter significantly correlates with worse outcomes in glioblastoma patients / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal cancer of the central nervous system. Global genomic hypomethylation and some CpG island hypermethylation are common hallmarks of these malignancies, but the effects of these methylation abnormalities on glioblastomas are still largely unclear. Methylation of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter is currently an only confirmed molecular predictor of better outcome in temozolomide treatment. To better understand the relationship between CpG island methylation status and patient outcome, this study launched DNA methylation profiles for thirty-three primary glioblastomas (pGBMs) and nine secondary glioblastomas (sGBMs) with the expectation to identify valuable prognostic and therapeutic targets.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We evaluated the methylation status of testis derived transcript (TES) gene promoter by microarray analysis of glioblastomas and the prognostic value for TES methylation in the clinical outcome of pGBM patients. Significance analysis of microarrays was used for genes significantly differently methylated between 33 pGBM and nine sGBM. Survival curves were calculated according to the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences between curves were assessed using the log-rank test. Then, we treated glioblastoma cell lines (U87 and U251) with 5-aza-2-deoxycytidines (5-aza-dC) and detected cell biological behaviors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Microarray data analysis identified TES promoter was hypermethylated in pGBMs compared with sGBMs (P < 0.05). Survival curves from the Kaplan-Meier method analysis revealed that the patients with TES hypermethylation had a short overall survival (P < 0.05). This abnormality is also confirmed in glioblastoma cell lines (U87 and U251). Treating these cells with 5-aza-dC released TES protein expression resulted in significant inhibition of cell growth (P = 0.013).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Hypermethylation of TES gene promoter highly correlated with worse outcome in pGBM patients. TES might represent a valuable prognostic marker for glioblastoma.</p>

The influence of high fluoride exposure in drinking water on endocrine hormone in female / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the influence of water fluoride exposure on reproductive hormones in female.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cross-sectional study was conducted in seven villages of a county in Henan province by using simple random sampling including high fluoride area, defluoridation project area and control area on April, 2011 based on the preliminary study results of fluoride concentration in drinking water. Women who were born and growth or lived in the village at least 5 years and aged 18-48 years old were recruited using cluster sampling. They were divided into high fluoride group (HFG, 116 subjects), defluoridation project group (DFPG, 132 subjects) and control group (CG, 227 subjects) in accordance with the above areas. All subjects accepted questionnaire and physical checkup. Fasting blood and morning urine samples were collected. The concentration of fluoride in urine was determined by fluoride ion selective electrode method. The serum level of GnRH was detected using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The serum level of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (T), estradiol (E2) were determined by chemiluminesence immunoassay (CLIA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average age was (39.44 ± 7.34), (38.84 ± 8.03), (37.45 ± 7.70) years old in female from DFPG, HFG and CG respectively, there were no significant differences among the three groups (F = 3.02, P = 0.05). The urine fluoride levels were (1.34 ± 1.07), (2.59 ± 1.57), (0.92 ± 0.46) mg/ml in female from DFPG, HFG and CG respectively, there was a significant difference among three groups (F = 105.38, P < 0.01). No significant differences were observed of serum GnRH, LH, T, FSH and E2 among three groups in follicular phase (P > 0.05). The serum levels of E2 in Ovulatory period were 67.73, 58.09, 84.96 pg/ml in female from DFPG, HFG and CG respectively. It was lower in HFG than that in CG (H = 4.00, P < 0.05). The serum levels of T in Ovulatory period were 0.55, 0.45, 0.55 ng/ml in female from DFPG, HFG and CG respectively. It was lower in HFG than that in DFPG (H = 6.47, P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed between HFG and CG (H = 2.41, P > 0.05). The serum levels of GnRH in Luteal phase were 24.09, 20.16, 23.50 ng/ml in female from DFPG, HFG and CG respectively. It was lower in HFG than that in DFPG (H = 14.14, P < 0.05) and CG (H = 12.53, P < 0.05). The serum level of E2 in luteal phase were 81.47, 64.60, 74.55 pg/ml in female from DFPG, HFG and CG respectively. It was lower in HFG than that in DFPG (H = 5.69, P < 0.05). As for LH, FSH and T, no significant differences were observed among the three groups (P > 0.05 respectively). The abnormal rates of E2 level were 22.73 (30/102), 37.93 (44/72), 20.26 (46/181) in female from DFPG, HFG and CG respectively. The E2 abnormal rate in female from HFG was higher that from DFPG (χ(2) = 6.82, P < 0.05) and CG (χ(2) = 12.38, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Fluoride exposure may influence reproductive hormones in female, especially in ovulatory and luteal phase of menstrual cycle.</p>

Detection of marginal leakage of Class V restorations in vitro by micro-CT / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the reliability and superiority of micro-CT in marginal leakage assessment of Class V restorations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Class V preparations with gingival margins in dentin and occlusal in enamel were made in sixteen extracted non-carious human molars and restored with dental bonding agents and composite resin. All teeth were then immersed in 50% ammonia-silver nitrate solution for 12 hours, followed by developing solution for 8 hours. Each restoration was scanned by a micro-CT and silver leakage was measured and three-dimensional image of the silver leakage alone cavity wall were reconstructed. Afterward, all restorations were sectioned and examined for leakage depth using a microscope. The silver leakage depth of each restoration obtained by micro-CT and microscope were compared for equivalency.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The silver leakage depths in gingival wall obtained with micro-CT (0.78 mm) and microscope (0.74 mm) showed no significant difference (P > 0.05), while the judgment of leakage depths in occlusal wall in micro-CT image (0.40 mm) was affected by adjacent enamel structure, giving less leakage depths compared to microscope (0.72 mm)(P < 0.01). The three-dimensional shapes of the microleakages displayed clearly by micro-CT alone wall of Class V restorations were multiform and some leakages showed channels on their way to spreading.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Micro-CT can detect precisely the silver leakage in the dentin wall of a restoration and display its three-dimensional shape fully. Enamel structure affects the detection of the silver leakage next to it.</p>

Device implanted complications of Coflex interspinous dynamic stabilization / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate device implanted complications and corresponding therapeutic strategies of Coflex interspinous dynamic stabilization system for lumbar spine intraoperatively and postoperatively.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From September 2008 to August 2010, 133 cases of degenerative disease of lumbar spine including 62 males and 71 females, ranging from 35 to 81 years of age (mean 60.8 years), underwent or planed to be underwent decompression with Coflex interspinous dynamic stabilization system were reviewed retrospectively, and 13 cases including 6 males and 7 females, ranging from 41 to 71 years of age (mean 58.6 years), occurred device implanted complications. The Coflex implanted complications were analyzed, and therapeutic strategies according to different character were carried out, scores of visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index(ODI) and effect-related data preoperatively, postoperatively, after conservative treatment and in final follow-up were evaluated with paired-samples t test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thirteen cases of Coflex implanted complications and treatment applied included: 3 cases occurred fracture of spinous processes intraoperatively were treated by pedicle screws instead; 2 cases occurred fracture of spinous processes postoperatively or during follow-up, including 1 case underwent revision with pedicle screws, another 1 case treated with conservative treatment; 4 cases with degenerative coronal spondylolysis in surgical segments, 1 case with sagittal instability preoperatively, and 1 case with device dislodgment in follow-up all suffered aggravated pain and received conservative treatment; 1 case suffered implanted malposition intraoperatively was underwent internal fixation with pedicle screws instead; at length, 1 case with aggravated pain postoperatively and without definite reason received revision with internal fixation of pedicle screws demolishing the Coflex. The follow-up time of 13 cases ranged from 20 to 38 months (mean 27.6 months); and 7 cases implanted Coflex with aggravated pain of lumbar and lower limb, but the position of device can still maintained, were received conservative treatment, and whose score of VAS and ODI in the final follow-up were 1.9 ± 0.7 and 23.2 ± 3.4, and comparing to 6.1 ± 1.1 and 58.1 ± 3.0 preoperatively, evident improvement was got finally (t = 8.2 and 18.2, P < 0.01). Scores of VAS and ODI of 2 cases with Coflex implanted complications underwent revision with pedicle screws were also improved correspondingly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Coflex interspinous dynamic stabilization system implanted should be avoided to cases who suffered with osteoporosis, too narrow interspinous space and intervertebral coronal spondylolysis or sagittal instability; and choice of device, depth of implantation and intensity of clumping should be appropriate. For patients with symptom but device still in right position, conservative treatment can be carried out; but for patients subjected to malposition of device, failure of implantation intraoperatively or intolerance to device, revisions and salvages should be underwent with internal fixation of pedicle screws.</p>

Design, synthesis and activities of 4-(2-acetoxybenzoylamino) butyramide derivatives / 药学学报

To explore new agents of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivatives with more potent antiepileptic activity, a series of 4-(2-acetoxybenzoylamino) butyramide derivatives were designed and synthesized. All of the novel compounds (5a-51) were synthesized from GABA as starting material, and their structures were confirmed with IR, 1H NMR, EI-MS and elemental analysis. Preliminary pharmacological test in vitro showed that all target compounds displayed strong antiepileptic activities and were worth for further study. The structure-activity relationship of 4-(2-acetoxybenzoylamino) butyramide derivatives was also discussed preliminarily.

Synthesis and activities of 4-(2-acetoxybenzoylamino) butyramide heterocyclic compounds / 药学学报

It has been demonstrated by our previous research that 4-(2-acetoxybenzoylamino) butyramide derivatives exhibited good antiepileptic activities. In this paper, to explore the SAR and improve the antiepileptic activities of these derivatives, a series of novel 4-(2-acetoxybenzoylamino) butyramide heterocyclic compounds (5a-5n) were synthesized and biologically evaluated. Their structures were confirmed by 1H MNR, ESI-MS and elemental analysis. Pharmacological test in vivo showed that target compounds (5f, 5i-5n) displayed strong antiepileptic activities on 4-AP induced epilepsy in mice with ED50 values ranging from 0.3137 to 0.3604 mmol x kg(-1).

Regulation of immunological balance between TH1/TH2 and Tc1/Tc2 lymphocytes by prostaglandin E2 / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to investigate the effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on proliferation of peripheral blood T lymphocytes, and to evaluate the regulatory role of PGE2 on immunological balance between Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2 lymphocytes. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) were stimulated by anti-human CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and anti-human CD28 mAb, and were cultured in the presence of different concentration of PGE2 for 120 hours. The proliferation of peripheral blood T lymphocytes was assayed according to the manufacture protocol of BrdU Kit; the IFN-gamma and IL-4 levels in supernatants cultured for 24, 48, 72 and 120 hours were detected by ELISA; the ratios of CD4+IL-4+ T cells/CD4+ IFN-gamma+ T cells and CD8+IL-4+ T cell/CD8+IFN-gamma+ T cells were determined by flow cytometry. The cells cultured without PGE2 were used as control. The results indicated that (1) with the raising of concentration of PGE2, the inhibitory rate of T cell proliferation in vitro significantly increased (p=0.001). There was significant positive correlation between inhibitory rate of T cells and PGE2 concentration (correlation coefficient=0.889, p=0.000). (2) the difference between the IFN-gamma concentrations in supernatant cultured for 120 and 72 hours in test groups had no statistical significance (p=0.917). The IFN-gamma concentration increased continually with prolonging of culture time in control group (p=0.046). The IFN-gamma concentrations produced at different times in test group were significantly lower compared with those in control group (p<0.05). The IL-4 concentrations produced at different time had no significant change in test groups (p=0.400). The IL-4 concentration in 24 hours in control group was significantly higher than that at 48, 72 and 120 hours in control group (p=0.007, 0.003 and 0.002). After cultured for 24 hours the IL-4 concentration in test group was significantly lower than that in control group (p=0.037), but after cultured for 48, 72 and 120 hours, the IL-4 concentration in test group did not show statistical difference in comparison with control group (p>0.05). (3) the proportions of CD4+IFN-gamma+T cells in test group and in control group had no significant difference (p=0.767). The proportion of CD4+IL-4+T cells in test group was slightly higher than that in control group (p=0.051). The ratio of CD4+IL-4+T cells to CD4+IFN-gamma+ T cells in test group was significantly higher than that in control group (p=0.011). The proportions of CD8+IFN-gamma+ T cells in test group and in control group had no statistical difference (p=0.441). The proportion of CD8+IL-4+T cells in test group was significantly higher than that in control group (p=0.015). The ratio of CD8+IL-4+ T cells to CD8+IFN-gamma+ T cells in test group were obviously higher than that in control group(p=0.038). It is concluded that the PGE2 inhibits the proliferation of T lymphocytes in vitro. PGE2 influences the production of IFN-gamma and IL-4, and significantly influences peak appearance of IFN-gamma produced by T lymphocyte. PGE2 can continuously inhibit the production of IFN-gamma, but its continuous effect on IL-4 is no significant. PGE2 enhances the ratio of CD4+IL-4+T lymphocytes to CD4+IFN-gamma+T lymphocytes and the ratio of CD8+IL-4+T lymphocytes to CD8+IFN-gamma+T lymphocytes, and regulates development of T cells toward Th2/Tc2 cells.

Characterization of 13 microsatellite loci developed from Meconopsis horridula

Meconopsis horridula is one of the eight most famous flowers in Chinese province of Yunnan. In this study, a modified biotin-streptavidin capture method was used to detect 13 microsatellite markers in the genome of M. horridula. The polymorphism of each locus was assessed in 24 samples collected from four populations. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 7 (mean: 3.2). The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.0833 to 0.9167 and 0.0816 to 0.8050, respectively. Additionally, nine of the 13 microsatellite markers were successfully amplified in three other congeneric species. These polymorphic SSR markers could be useful for studying the population genetics of M. horridula and for assessing genetic variation in this and congenerc species in conservation programs.

Ameliorative effect of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on infracted heart function / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to investigate the effects of rat marrow mesenchymal stem cell (rMSC) transplantation on left ventricular (LV) function in a rat myocardial infarction model. Myocardial infarction was performed in male Lewis rats by ligating the proximal left coronary artery. Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham operation group (only thoracotomy, n = 8), AMI group (DF12 injection, n = 10), rMSC group (Dil-Labeled rMSC transplantation). At 8 weeks later, the cardiac functions including left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end systolic pressure (LVESP), left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), +dp/dtmax and -dp/dtmax were evaluated by echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. The presence and differentiation of engrafted cells were assessed. CD31 was detected by immunohistochemical staining to demonstrate neovascular formation. The results indicated that the cultured in vitro rMSC expressed CD90, CD44, CD105, CD54; did not express CD34, CD45, CD31, as compared with AMI group, rMSC group showed a significant increase of LVEF, LVESP, +dp/dtmax, -dp/dtmax and a significant decrease of LVEDP. Immunofluorescence demonstrated that some transplanted rMSCs were positive for myosin, suggesting that small number of transplanted rMSCs differentiated into cardiac-like cells. Immunostaining showed marked augmentation of capillary density in the rMSC group than that of AMI group. It is concluded that transplanted rMSCs can differentiate into cardiac-like cells and rMSC transplantation can improve LV function after myocardial infarction in rats.